Folk Principles of the Organization of Cossack Fisheries in the Azov and Caspian Regions

Authors

  • Marina A. Ryblova Volgograd State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.314

Abstract

The article reveals the folk principles of the organization of fisheries and the worldviews behind them in the Cossack communities of the Azov and Caspian regions in the imperial period of their history. Despite the participation of official structures in organization of industries, they were based on the people’s own ideas about the proper use of natural resources in which human labor was not invested, as well as about their fair distribution. In the first case, in all Cossack troops, with the exception of that of the Ural, there was a gradual transition from the free use of water resources to an equalizing transfer, which took into account only the interests of the Cossack population of the region, and Cossack widows and orphans. In the Ural Cossack army, until the beginning of the 20th century, the ancient principles of using water
lands were preserved, the basis of which was the idea of equal opportunities for all participants in the fishery. When distributing the fish catch, the people’s ideas about the collective (communal) share and its symbolic distribution were fundamental, which involved allocating three main “pieces”: to the tsar (in the Urals), to the church and for the commemoration of the dead, as well as to the “disadvantaged” categories of the Cossack population (in the whole army). The Cossack communities also showed extreme concern for the safety of fish resources determining the timing of fishing, types of tools, and introducing multiple prohibitions and regulations. The organization of some types of fishing in the region shares some principles with the military organization of Cossacks.

Keywords:

fishing, Cossack territories, folk principles and ideological foundations of the organization of fisheries

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

Author Biography

Marina A. Ryblova, Volgograd State University

Volgograd State University

References

Литература

Dubovikov A. M. Rybolovstvo kak istoricheskii fenomen v povsednevnoi kul’ture Ural’skogo (Iaitskogo) kazach’ego voiska. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2011, no. 4 (60), issue 2, pp. 273–280. (In Russian)

Godovova E. V., Kabytov P. S. Rybnyi promysel v povsednevnoi zhizni kazakov (vtoraia polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.). Vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. Istoriia. Pedagogika. Filosofiia, 2017, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 12–16. (In Russian)

Kumantsov M. I. Vozniknovenie i razvitie rybolovstva Severnogo Prichernomor’ia, ch. 1. Moscow, VNIRO Publ., 2011, 236 p. (In Russian)

Kuryshev A. V. Rybnyi promysel u kazakov Volzhskogo voiska. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2013, no. 5, pp. 21–28. (In Russian)

Kuznetsova A. S. Stanovlenie i razvitie azovskikh rybolovnykh promyslov na Kubani (XVIII–XX vv.). Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban State Pedagogical Institute Press, 2009, 159 p. (In Russian)

Matishov G. G., Vlaskina T. Yu., Venkov A. V., Vlaskina N. A. Social’no-istoricheskii portret del’ty Dona: kazachii khutor Donskoi. Rostov-on-Don, UFRC RAS Press, 2012, 216 p. (In Russian)

Nadezhdin N. I. Ob etnograficheskom izuchenii narodnosti Russkoi. Zapiski Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, vols 1–2. St. Petersburg, Tip. Imp. akad. nauk Publ., 1849, pp. 149–194. (In Russian)

Ryblova M. A. Artel’noe nachalo v organizacii rybolovnogo i ohotnich’ego promyslov u russkogo naseleniia

Dona i Nizhnei Volgi. Vestnik VolGU, seriia 4: Istoriia. Regionovedeniye. Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniia, 2022, no. 5, pp. 108–119. (In Russian)

Sementsov M. V. Materialy po istoricheskomu prirodopol’zovaniiu kubanskih kazakov (II polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.). Kubanskii sbornik. Krasnodar, Kniga Publ., 2008, vol. 3 (24), ch. I, pp. 73–118. (In Russian)

Usenko O. G. Nekotorye cherty massovogo soznaniia donskogo kazachestva v XVII — nachale XVIII v.(“subideologicheskie” predstavleniia, ustanovki, stereotipy). Kazachestvo Rossii: proshloye i nastoiashchee, issue 1. Rostov-on-Don, SSC RAS Press, 2006, pp. 85–108. (In Russian)

Velikaya N. N. O roli rybolovstva u grebenskih kazakov v dorevoljucionnyj period Etnograficheskoye obozrenie, 2013, no. 5, pp. 28–36. (In Russian)

Velikaya N. N., Yemelyanov O. B. O prichinah upadka rybolovstva v kazach’ih stanicah Terskogo levoberezh’ja v pervoj polovine XIX v. Istoriia i kultura narodov Severnogo Kavkaza. issue 3. Pyatigorsk, 2005, pp. 69–76. (In Russian)

Vlaskina T. Y. Prirodnye i social’nye dominanty formirovaniia etnograficheskogo svoeobraziia rybolovov donskoi del’ty (XVIII–XXI vv.). Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2013, no. 5, pp. 36–53. (In Russian)

Yamskov A. N., Vlaskina T. Y. Ryboloveckie soobshhestva i traditsionnoe rybolovstvo na kazach’em iuge Rossii. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2013, no. 5, pp. 3–13. (In Russian)

Yuzhakova T. L. Tradicii v rybolovstve kazachestva na reke Ural (rubezh XIX–XX vekov). Kulturnaia zhizn Yuga Rossii, 2008, no. 4 (29), pp. 67–70. (In Russian)

Downloads

Published

2023-10-03

How to Cite

Ryblova, M. A. (2023). Folk Principles of the Organization of Cossack Fisheries in the Azov and Caspian Regions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 68(3), 778–792. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.314

Issue

Vol. 68 No. 3 (2023)

Section

Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology

License

Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.