Geoarchaeology, Age and Chronology of the Zhokhov Site
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.413Аннотация
Жоховская стоянка, исследованная в 1989–1990 и 2000–2005 гг., расположена под 76° с. ш. в труднодоступной части Восточно-Сибирской Арктики. Раскопки дали десятки тысяч предметов и фаунистических остатков. Культуросодержащие отложения представляют собой заполнение протаявших верхних частей повторно-жильных льдов. Они образовались после того, как стоянка была полностью оставлена. Радиоуглеродные датировки, полученные по различным материалам, образует большую коллекцию (n = 102), которая проанализирована для установления летописи использования стоянки человеком. Присутствие человека на Жоховской стоянке, на основании множественных датировок, соответствует интервалу 8300–7800 радиоуглеродных лет назад. Показано, что данный интервал состоит из отдельных крупных циклов и более мелких эпизодов, определение границ которых с точностью, превосходящей 50–100 лет, оказалось невозможно. Наиболее интенсивная человеческая деятельность человека на стоянке относится ко времени 8050–7900 радиоуглеродных лет назад, или около 9000 лет в калиброванных значениях возраста. Это древнейший из известных археологический памятников в высоких широтах Арктики. Опыт выявления эпизодов обитания на Жоховской стоянке имеет важные последствия для изучения палеолитических памятников. Так, показано, что фактически пребывание человека на территории памятника составляет примерно 2000 лет. Изучение рядов датировок из Жоховской стоянки показывает, что повторное/циклическое проживание человека на одном и том же месте возможно в течение примерно 2000 лет и даже дольше, если для этого есть основания. Таким образом, повторное или циклическое заселение человеком территории острова Жохова обусловлено исключительно пищевыми и физическими ресурсами, наличие которых обеспечивается географией его расположения. Таким образом, радиоуглеродные даты – это не просто хронометрические или хронологические данные; это специфический источник информации, интегрирующий различные аспекты сложного человеческого поведения как движущей силы эволюции человеческой культуры.
Ключевые слова:
Жоховская стоянка, арктический каменный век, геоархеология, процессы формирование культуросодержащих отложений, радиоуглеродное датирование, хронометрия, хронология, эпизоды обитания, поведение человека, культурная сложность, система жизнеобеспечения
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Загрузки
Опубликован
30.12.2022
Как цитировать
Питулько, В. В., & Павлова, Е. Ю. (2022). Geoarchaeology, Age and Chronology of the Zhokhov Site. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История, 67(4), 1253–1295. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.413
Выпуск
Раздел
Археология
Лицензия
Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
