Beringia and the Settlement of the Western Hemisphere
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.313Аннотация
Ранее нами была рассмотрена проблема влияния естественных факторов на расселение человека в Америку ~15 тыс. лет назад. Древние представители людских популяций (например, неандертальцы), скорее всего, не были способны к освоению природной среды высоких широт из-за холодного климата и/или недостаточной продуктивности растений и животных и не могли заселить Западное полушарие через Берингию. Со- временный человек не мог попасть туда >15 тыс. лет назад, поскольку доступ в заледниковую область Северной Америки, вероятно, был перекрыт ледниковыми щитами. Здесь мы возвращаемся к вопросу о расселении современного человека в свете новых данных, в том числе обновленной хронологии изменения очертаний ледников и положения уровня моря, новых археологических открытий, а также результатов исследований в области палеогеномики. В интервале 35–30 тыс. лет назад население с западно-евразийскими корнями занимало Великую Арктическую равнину и, возможно, распространилось в восточную арктическую Берингию и средние широты Северной Америки через межледниковый коридор. Население, относящееся к восточноазиатской генетической линии, связанное с технологией микропластин, во время последнего ледникового максимума занимало бассейн реки Лены и распространилось на Великую Арктическую равнину >15 тыс. лет назад, возможно, уже в интерстадиале GI 2 (24– 23 тыс. лет назад). Их непосредственные потомки, вероятно, занимали южную часть Берингийского моста и северо-западное побережье Тихого океана >15 тыс. лет назад. Они широко расселились в Западном полушарии в интерстадиалe GI 1 (14,5–12,9 тыс. лет назад) в основном, если не исключительно, прибрежным путем (ранее 13,8 ± 0,5 тыс. лет назад внутриматериковый маршрут был перекрыт ледниками).
Ключевые слова:
заселение Америки, Берингия, Северная Азия, анатомически современные люди, изменения уровня моря,, пульсация ледников,, палеоэкология
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Опубликован
04.11.2022
Как цитировать
Хоффекер, Д., Питулько, В. В., & Павлова, Е. Ю. (2022). Beringia and the Settlement of the Western Hemisphere. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История, 67(3), 882–909. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.313
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Археология
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
